Description: Commentary on practical observations resulting from constructing and running Economic Capital models. Possible standardization of assumptions and result interpretation are morphing even though use of E.C. models has now been around for years.

Description: Commentary on practical observations resulting from constructing and running Economic Capital models. Possible standardization of assumptions and result interpretation are morphing even though use of E.C. models has now been around for years.

Description: Life and annuity markets around the world have seen increasingly complex investment-combined products, including universal life, fixed indexed annuities, variable annuities with a wide variety of guaranteed benefits, indexed variable annuities, etc. Insurance companies are facing unprecedented exposure to financial risks in addition to traditional mortality and longevity risks. The risk assessment and modeling for such complex designs by conventional methods often focus heavily on their market competitiveness and profitability. However, there seems to be a lack of quantifiable and systematic approach to assess investment risks associated with investment combined products. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a framework for quantifying and analyzing various forms of contractual designs and showcase different techniques to assess the trade-off between competitive contractual designs and their practical implications with regard to the difficulty of risk management.

Description: Feature article describing a new method of computing professional athletes’ salaries using actuarial skills/ the economic value concept. From The Actuary Magazine, Dec 2009

Description: In this article the author presents a general solution to the problem of finding the effective annual interest rate commonly arising in finance for an installment loan.

Description: Article describing content and key takeaways from experience completing the SOA PA Certificate

Description: This paper shows the mortality element can be partially isolated allowing an exact annuity value to be readily obtained at any interest rate. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House 1979, Vol.2.

Description: An overview of bias and fairness in machine learning models, as they apply to use cases in life insurance.

Description: In estimating mortality rates from the experience of a life insurance company or employee-benefit plan, it is expedient, because of the movement into and out of the covered group on dates other than birthdays or policy anniversaries, to make some assumption about mortality over a fractional part of a year of age. This paper describes and develops the concept of 'exposure' with regard to the more commonly known methods of estimating the rate of mortality, and proposes a fourth methodology. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House 1978, Vol.2.