Description: In this article, a numerical comparison of two commonly used FIA valuation methodologies is conducted to help insurers decide on the best methodology to use under GAAP LDTI and VM-22. We compared two modeling approaches to project the future index credits with the annual point-to-point crediting formula: Tthe stochastic equity crediting model and the deterministic option budget crediting model. The analysis is then extended to different levels of option budgets and the monthly average crediting formula. The advantages and disadvantages of the two equity return projecting approaches are also highlighted and will be discussed later in the report.

Description: Risk management techniques such as stress testing and setting capital targets are fairly well established for life insurers; however, the implementation of these techniques can vary considerably. A fundamental question is how to manage multiple valuation perspectives, and the list of possibilities keeps growing. Companies can potentially consider some or all of the following: U.S. reporting measures (Stat, GAAP), internal measures (EV, VNB, economic capital), international reporting measures (IFRS), rating agency models or other developing standards (ICS, NAIC group capital). This session will begin with a quick overview of the defining characteristics of different valuation frameworks. We will then provide more focused and practical considerations for managing risk and capital under different frameworks, using specific examples to highlight key trade offs.

Description: From a session at the 2000 Valuation Actuary Symposium held in Washington DC, September 14-15, 2000. This session is an overview of FAS 133, accounting for derivatives, and the impact it will have on life companies.

Description: Article discussing recent developments in financial reporting research by the Section: 3 new PBA projects, stochastic pricing of embedded options, and comparison of results under IFRS and GAAP.

Description: This SOA report identifies methodologies currently in use by life insurers as well as potential new strategies to manage balance sheet and income volatility risk associated with fair value and related accounting

Description: Panelists at this session of the 2000 Valuation Actuary Symposium discuss recent developments in the area of fair-value financial reporting including recent FASB developments, international accounting standards, and different approaches to valuing liabilities.

Description: One major feature of the OECD's two-pillar regime is that MNEs would base the calculation of taxes due on book-based financial statements. The article provides a summary of how these rules operate along with suggested actions insurers can take today to prepare for timely compliance.

Description: This article discusses actuarial support for an international accounting regime designed to meet the dual objectives of: • Generating a realistic view of operations focusing on expected future cash flows, reflecting the duty of management to add value for shareholders and to protect the interests of policyholders. • Demonstrating the adequacy of supporting capital to cover the risks associated with the business. From: The Actuary, January 2000, volume 34, issue 1.

Description: Panelists in this session at the 2004 Valuation Actuary Symposium discuss current embedded value and fair-value practices, similarities and differences between embedded value and fair value, and benefits and drawbacks of embedded value, fair value and other measurement systems for internal management purposes.

Description: This paper attempts to advance practice and methodology with respect to life insurance company valuation. From Society of Actuaries Financial Reporting Monograph, M-AS99-1.