Description: Life and annuity markets around the world have seen increasingly complex investment-combined products, including universal life, fixed indexed annuities, variable annuities with a wide variety of guaranteed benefits, indexed variable annuities, etc. Insurance companies are facing unprecedented exposure to financial risks in addition to traditional mortality and longevity risks. The risk assessment and modeling for such complex designs by conventional methods often focus heavily on their market competitiveness and profitability. However, there seems to be a lack of quantifiable and systematic approach to assess investment risks associated with investment combined products. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a framework for quantifying and analyzing various forms of contractual designs and showcase different techniques to assess the trade-off between competitive contractual designs and their practical implications with regard to the difficulty of risk management.

Description: Improve pharmacy cost forecasting by developing induced demand curves for pharmacy costs.

Description: 1992 SOA Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. This session on repricing the in-force book of business addressed ASB requirements, data gathering, assumption setting, modeling considerations, coordination with financial areas, par versus interest-sensitive products, and communicating results to management.

Description: The article provides a complete and rigorous analysis based on calculus for the topics in the theory of compound interest: the monotone convergence properties of the rates of interest and discount payable m times per interest conversion period in relation to the force of interest, the monotone convergence properties of the present value and accumulated value of an ordinary annuity with m payments per interest conversion period in relation to those of a continuously paying ordinary annuity and a method for approximating the present value of an ordinary annuity, or an increasing annuity with m payments per interest conversion period, by accumulating, at compound interest for the fraction m - l/2m of an interest conversion period, the present value of the same type of annuity with one payment per interest conversion period.

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 Hartford Spring Meeting is about the role of the investment operation in the product development process, the process of managing an in-force block of business, and how the differences in Statutory and GAAP accounting affect the pricing process.

Description: Enhanced or impaired annuities are life annuities underwritten to reflect annuitants' actual mortality. They are not currently prevalent in the U.S. or Canada, where life annuities assume low mortality and are thus unfair for impaired lives. This paper looks at the present annuity marketplace in the United States and Canada. It also reviews the underwriting and marketing of life annuities in the United Kingdom where “enhanced” life annuities are available for a broader cross section of the marketplace. It also reviews the use of P&C risk classification techniques and how they might apply to the annuity marketplace as well as potential legal constraints on broader risk classification for life annuities.

Description: Discussion of topics addressed at pricing methodologies seminar,including a review of the results of the Tillinghast Pricing Methodology Survey. This survey covers the most popular profit measures for various companies within various product lines. The concept of market consistent embedded value was also discussed, as well as a review of pricing indexed products. Finally, there were case studies presented on pricing Universal Life with Secondary Guarantees, Return of Premium Term and Variable Annuities with Living Benefits

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 Annual Meeting discusses the evolution of techniques in product development for life insurance with a focus on macropricing. From Record of Society of Actuaries Vol. 16, No. 4B.

Description: Discusses the influence of market-consistent pricing proponents.

Description: This is a discussion from the 1982 SOA Spring Meeting on individual annuity product design under conditions of inflation. It highlights the design and testing of annuity products in an inflationary envirnonmnet, the marketing and distribution of annuities, the importance of asset/liability matching and surplus and valuation considerations. From Record of the Society of Actuaries 1982, Volume 8, No. 1.