Description: The Society of Actuaries Research Expanding Boundaries Pool, the Committee on Life Insurance Research, the Product Development Section and Committee on Knowledge Extension Research commissioned Ernst & Young LLP (EY) to prepare a literature review based on the material presented at the six symposia. The review provides an overview of the technical material related to data sources, validation techniques and methodologies used by leading practitioners to develop mortality rate estimates for past, present and future periods. It also presents discussions regarding business, policy and social implications of increasing longevity.