Description: Join us for the Pandemics & Paradigm Shifts: ERM in an Intensely Dynamic World panel discussion, where industry and regulatory perspectives will help provide insight into a number of topics. Expect interactive dialogue opportunities based on the conversation between the panelists and the audience. Key topics that will be conversed about, but the panel is not limited to, include a brief review of historical paradigm shifts and subsequent insurer failures, best practices and an outlook on the ultra-dynamic world of today and consideration of a company's enterprise risk management framework as it affects ratings and insurance department examinations.

Description: This article summarizes key points from the recently published research paper “Deep Learning for Liability-Driven Investment,” which applies reinforcement learning and deep learning techniques to liability-driven investment (LDI).

Description: This paper introduces actuaries and others to dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, a type of macroeconomic model. Authored by Kailan Shang, the paper illustrates how DSGE models can be used in economic scenario generation to reflect the cause and effect relationships that occur in the economic system.

Description: Institutional investors such as pension plans and insurance companies have enjoyed strong equity returns for a length of time with few historical precedents. Nearly a decade after the end of the financial crisis, strategies to provide downside protection remain expensive and the performance of traditional risk-managed funds has disappointed investors.

Description: The management of the investments of an insurance enterprise has undergone a considerable evolution since the pioneering work of Redington in the mid 20th century. Best practices have evolved to incorporate ever more complex insurance liabilities, expanding investment asset classes and global market opportunities. Strategic asset allocation (SAA), liability driven investing, and other robust optimization approaches form the core of the professional management of insurance company investments.

Description: This presentation provided an analysis of investment guarantees in equity-linked products. There was an overview of the data and models in use. In addition an actuarial approach to left-tail analysis was presented as well as a dynamic hedging approach. From Actuarial Research Clearing House, 2012, Vol. 1.

Description: This paper focuses on business risks rather than market, credit and operational risks. The author proposes a bottom-up approach for modelling and measuring business risk where the dynamic of the underlying earnings is described in a continuous-time model.

Description: This article aimed to make Liability Driven Investing LDI more accessible by providing a simple definition and by showing how plans of different sizes and circumstances may adopt an appropriate LDI approach.

Description: Irish actuary and professor explains his hypothesis that actuaries, as practitioners, are reluctant to adopt the theories of financial economists unless the models on which the theories are based fit the actual data the actuaries have.

Description: The thrust of this article is that while ERM starts out as a compliance and corporate governance tool, well managed companies use ERM as a strategic tool that will help them increase shareholder value. To do so requires a synthesis of the actuarial techniques of insurance and the capital markets perspectives of corporate finance.

Description: In this article, the author presents a case for using a Risk Return On Capital approach as a way to integrate desirable properties of the Economic Value Added approach and the Return On Risk-Adjusted Capital approach. The EVA approach has a shortcoming in that is does not reflect rating agency capital. The RORAC is computed as the ratio of expected total underwriting return to allocated risk capital, and represents the expected return for both benign and potentially consumptive usage of capital. The RROC approach measures returns after reflecting the mean rental cost of rating agency capital. Returns that are a reward for exposing capital to risk of loss are measured after reflecting the cost of carrying capital to support premium written and loss reserves.

Description: This article discusses the pending book entitled 'Dynamic Risk Modeling Handbook.' The proposed scope and outline of the book is reviewed. This is a revision of the 'DFA Handbook' which was published in 1995.

Description: This article describes an initiative of the Chief Risk Officer Forum to perform a study to benchmark internal models, so as to discuss the admissibility of these models for regulatory purposes in the context of Solvency II. The results of and reactions to that study are discussed.

Description: The session at the 2004 Valuation Actuary Symposium describes current risk mitigation techniques and their impact upon valuation systems including hedging mechanisms, regulatory relief, GAAP measurement, product 'quarantine', realistic assumption changes, maximizing returns and minimizing litigation.

Description: The Stochastic Volatility, SV, model is used for capturing the empirical properties of financial time series. This paper overviews those properties and compares the SV model with the heavy-tailed error distribution Student t-distribution and the SV model with the normal error distribution. The Simulated Maximum Likelihood, SML, method is applied to estimate the parameters and the latent volatility.

Description: Panelists at this session of the SOA 2003 Washington, DC Spring Meeting discuss how changes in interest rates affect the assets and liabilities of a life insurance company and what a company can do to prepare. This session examines historical trends in interest rates and how companies have reacted to both sudden and gradual changes.

Description: The author makes 10 predictions of how risk management will change over the next decade.

Description: This session at the SOA 2003 Washington, DC Spring Meeting focuses on the issues involved in building a scenario generator. It covers the data set used to develop and calibrate the generator as well as a discussion of different approaches and their features. Implementation is addressed along with potential pitfalls.

Description: This article discusses the attributes of a unified Operational Risk Management framework and how those attributes can underpin a seven-factor economic capital model.

Description: Presented at May 2002 Spring Meeting. Discusses basic considerations and the process of an international acquisition or merger.

Description: This paper reports on the findings of a working group established in 1999 by the SOA's Finance Practice Area to look at how the insurance industry measures and monitors risk through risk position reporting. Also the working group established industry standard practices in risk position reporting and reported on a number of areas for possible improvement in such reporting.

Description: A presentation on the principle of equivalent utility from the 2001 ARCH. Contains both the static and dynamic model as well as examples with exponential utility.

Description: 2001 SOA Spring Meeting, Toronto. A wide range of tools exists in both the insurance and banking industries to measure and mitigate exposure to risk. For some risks, given their nature and volatility, real-time measurement and monitoring has become a necessity. This session focused on the risk management tools and techniques that measure and mitigate exposure associated with products that have embedded options.

Description: 1999 SOA Annual Meeting, San Francisco. This panel expanded on earlier research to examine the potential costs of long-term guarantees, transfer risk modeling techniques, and the formulation of practical strategies to manage investment accumulation products.

Description: 1999 SOA Regional Meeting, Atlanta. In this session on financial performance measurement in life insurance companies, the panelists discussed: 1. Value-added financial analysis. 2. Performance management using transfer pricing. 3. Investment benchmarking.

Description: In session 8PD of the New York Annual Meeting the panel discussion focuses on a range of problems encountered in managing a book of derivatives supporting an existing equity-indexed portfolio. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 24, No. 3.

Description: This session at the 1998 Valuation Actuary Symposium looks at how companies can use the cash-flow testing structure for additional analysis and be more useful to the managment of the company. The concept of transfer pricing within a life company is explained.

Description: This session at the 1998 Valuation Actuary Symposium looks at mergers and acquisitions in the insurance business. Recent examples and actuarial considerations in M&A transactions are discussed.

Description: This article suggests ways for small insurance companies to obtain modeling information on more intricate assets, such as collateralized mortgage obligations [CMO], at a low cost.

Description: This paper reviews the main methodological questions underlying the theoretical pricing of catastrophe insurance futures. From Securitization of Insurance Risk: The 1995 Bowles Symposium, M-FI978-1.

Description: Actuaries measure, model, and manage risks. Risk associated with the investment function is a major uncertainty faced by many insurance companies. Actuaries should have knowledge of the asset side of the balance sheet of an insurance company and how it relates to the liability side. From Securitization of Insurance Risk: The 1995 Bowles Symposium, M-FI97-1.

Description: In session 22 PD of the Montreal Spring Meeting panelists discuss a range of issues relating to equity-indexed annuities EIAs. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 23. Vol 2.

Description: In session 4 PD of the Montreal Spring Meeting panelists discuss the complexities and timing issues involved in determining an earned interest rate. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 23, No. 2.

Description: 1996 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this teaching session on liability modeling, the panelists discussed the key aspects of identifying and gathering the data required to construct models, the model building process including objectives and considerations, and the modeling process from the standpoint of policyholder and company behaviors.

Description: 1996 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The purpose of this session is to enhance understanding of what it means to have an adequate reserve based on cash-flow testing by taking the audience into the world of interest rate models and interest rate model generators.

Description: 1996 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this session on sources of earnings, the panelists discusses implementation of SOE reporting, use of SOE as a management tool, why having SOE reporting is particularly useful for international operations, and SOE reporting from a reinsurance perspective.

Description: 1996 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this practitioners' forum the participants discussed interest rate scenarios that are used in cash-flow testing, what projection results you look at to determine whether you have a good result or a bad result, the concept of just what is reserve adequacy, and what does it mean to say that reserves are adequate.

Description: 1996 Valuation Actuary Symposium. A panel of actuarial regulators answered the questions: 1. What are the regulatory expectations from asset adequacy analysis? 2. When regulators review a company's opinion and memoranda, what are the things they are looking for? 3. What are the things that haven't been done as well as they like? 4. What do they feel can be improved on in the process? 5. How does the process itself work?

Description: This report identifies the risks that can affect insurance company solvency, provides information and opinions on techniques currently available, and comments on what additional research may be necessary.

Description: 1995 Valuation Actuary Symposium. In this session about small company issues, the panel discussed the role of actuaries in strategic alliances, the cost of regulatory compliance, and cash-flow-testing software.

Description: This paper analyzes the U. S. Treasury monthly interest rates from 1953 to 1992, and the daily rates from 1981 to 1992 for various forms of chaotic behavior. The primary analysis was in determining the Burst Exponent by the use of Rescaled Range Analysis. This paper also discusses other possible uses of Fractional Brownian Motion in Finance Theory, Macroeconomics, and Actuarial Science. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1994 VOL. 1.

Description: This paper presents a new perspective on three basic financial quantities: assets, liabilities and surplus. The new perspective is developed through a re-examination of the fundamental concepts inherent in these quantities. This re-examination clarifies the difference between the concept and the various rules commonly used to establish their numerical value. With the benefit of this clarification, an alternate approach to the development of surplus is presented. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: This paper discusses contracts sold by states which promised to provide tuition in the future for a fixed price. Because these contracts provide a benefit whose dollar value is uncertain at the time of sale, these contracts contain significant risks to the states and create a challenge to the actuaries who opine on the adequacy of the trust funds to provide the benefits promised by these contracts. This article discusses some of the implications of the method used by the major states to project tuition inflation and explores other possible methods. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: 1992 SOA Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. This session discussed the 1992 status of NAIC risked-based capital. Topics included: 1. An update of the formula and the model law. 2. The regulatory viewpoint, which addressed the need for RBC and how the model law was to be implemented. 3. The rating agency viewpoint on RBC and its use.

Description: 1992 SOA Regional Meeting, Anaheim. This panel used case studies to discuss adequacy testing, capital management, reporting solvency issues to management, single premium deferred annuity persistency, and credit risk.

Description: 1992 SOA Regional Meeting, Anaheim. In this panel discussion of the evaluation of the adequacy of capital, the speakers addressed the NAIC risk-based capital proposal, rating agency techniques, and valuation actuary views.

Description: Option bounds are obtained in a discrete-time framework with transaction costs. The model represents an extension of the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial option pricing model to cover the case of proportional transaction costs. The method proceeds by constructing the appropriate replicating portfolio at each trading interval. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, VOL. 1.

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 Annual Meeting looks at global investing. Areas discussed include rationale for investing globally, fixed income opportunities, a model for active global investing, and other issues.

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 San Francisco Spring Meeting is about modeling investments including the relationship to pricing, modeling techniques, scenario creation, and modeling of collaterized mortgage obligations [CMO].

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 San Francisco Spring Meeting is about the relationship between product design and investment policy. The focus is on a review of investment metircs, discussion of option adjusted spreads, and the use of total return from equity investments to support insurance products.

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 San Francisco Spring Meeting is about measuring investment results for different lines of business and different types of assets. Accounting issues related to investment results are also discussed.

Description: This paper presents the application of the asset share technique of pricing to Home Equity Line of Credit insurance. The paper's objective is to provide useful tools when developing a new HELOC product including projections for marketing and underwriting, distinctions between desirable and undesirable product design features, and development of premium rate structures. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1990, VOL. 2

Description: This session at the SOA 1990 Hartford Spring Meeting is about the various factors to be considered in determining the interest margins for interest-sensitive life insurance, annuities and GICs, i.e. the difference in earned and credited rates including practical considerations. Valuing embedded options in assets and liabilities is also discussed.

Description: This session discussion is about collateralized mortgage obligations, its definition, characteristics, underlying assumptions, modeling of these securities for pricing and projection purposes and dynamic performance characteristics of CMO classes. From Record of the Society of Actuaries Vol. 15, No. 3A.

Description: This presentation at the 1989 Valuation Actuary Symposium discusses the differences in viewpoint and mind-set between the valuation actuary and the chief investment officer. How these differences played out in an exercise to determine asset strategies is reviewed.

Description: This session discussion is about the actuary should be aware of techniques that are available to compare the expected returns from many different types of investments. Understanding these techniques will assist the actuary in pricing many of today's insurance products as well as measuring their ongoing profitability. From Record of the Society of Actuaries Vol. 15, No. 2.

Description: This paper develops the theory of the measurement of interest rate risks from its foundations, beginning with the question of which asset values market or book are economically relevant and therefore at risk. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1985, Vol. 37.

Description: This paper presents a theoretical approach to the valuation of options on bonds, a computer model for valuing such options, an application of options theory to evaluate the risk of call options on corporate bonds, and an application of options theory to price the risk of deposit antiselection on certain GICs sold to employee savings plans. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1985, Vol. 37.

Description: This paper examines the financial management of assets backing a Guaranteed Investment Contract [GIC] portfolio. Immunization and dedication have been the traditional approaches used in financial management. Using interest rate futures in pricing and in balancing the asset portfolio duration is presented as one more variation of traditional immunization. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1985, Vol. 37.

Description: This article discusses calculating the present value given a set of non-level interest rates and a stream of cash flow emerging from that context. This is the nub of a problem that surfaces in determining the adequacy of a reserve in a manner which fully takes into account both the assets and liabilities involved.

Description: This paper defines a concept of equivalence for profit standards. The central principle advanced is that the company should set prices on all its products to produce marginal profits that are equal in proportion to the products' marginal use of surplus. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.