Description: This paper outlines and illustrates the use of present value for the purpose of estimating future profits and in obtaining dividend scales. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 6.

Description: This paper presents a short method of calculating, without approximation, substandard annual extra premiums based on the standard net amount at risk. The method proposed in this paper, is by means of specially constructed auxiliary commutation columns, eliminating the need for any summation, and producing exact values of any extra premiums by relatively simple formulas. A mathematical proof of the methodology is provided.

Description: Some insurance products on the market today accelerate the death benefit by paying a portion of the benefit before death under certain prescribed conditions. The more common of these products are long-term-care and dread disease riders to life policies. This paper presents generic formulas for calculating the cost of morbidity that would be multiplied by the policy's net amount at risk in an asset share pricing calculation. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1990, Vol. 42.

Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, A General Method of Calculating Experience Net Extra Premiums Based on the Standard Net Amount at Risk by Walter Shur.

Description: Discussion of the mortality experience of the Korean War. The purpose of this paper to present some statistics and point out variations in the hazard that might that might be of value in setting up rules for the underwriting of military risks.

Description: The aim of this paper is to examine relationships, analogous to that of premiums and reserves, for the case of a general insurance with benefits payable in respect to several forms of decrement. Specifically, this paper presents a system of splitting the total premiums and reserves into components related to the different benefits, with formulas distinguished between dependent and independent relationships between premium and reserve components. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: This paper sets forth a method of estimating the present value of the cost of future nonvested commissions. It also provides a method of producing an agents' survival table. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: These were discussion papers on the paper, 'The Korean War Hazard' by James T. Phillips.

Description: This paper explores the principles upon which experience-rated group insurance currently is based and discusses the question of whether or not these principles are sound. Followed by discussion papers submitted by several authors