Description: This is a paper from the session on Retirement Factors and Stages at the January 15-18, 2023, 2023 Living to 100 Symposium in Orlando, Florida.

Description: In this session, the following essays from the Society of Actuaries Living to 100 Call for Essays are presented. Essays: Potential for Mortality Improvement from Cognitive and Psychological Factors – Gordon Woo, – Ph. D. How Growing Inequality in the United States Makes Long-Term Care Financing Reform A Lot Harder – Karl Polzer – MPA Alcohol and Mortality, Sam Gutterman, FSA, CERA, FCA, FCA, HONFIA, MAAA

Description: This is one of eight essays from the collection: 2020 Living to 100 Essays.

Description: As people advance into their 80s, mental health becomes ever more important. Two nonsmoking octogenarians of identical age and gender, with the same body mass index, type of diet and physical exercise routine, may have markedly different prospects of living to 100. Cognitive and social functioning, and positive well-being, are key to living longer. Many activities that influence longevity are very cognitively demanding. For example, chronic illnesses require self-regulation to limit damage; better knowledge and reasoning help manage disease. This paper evaluates the cognitive, psychological and social drivers of longevity by reviewing recent longitudinal studies, and analyzing the latest research on brain plasticity, positive psychology and elderly cohort survival, as well as new geriatric psychological theories on successful aging. A quantitative assessment is then made of the actuarial implications of these drivers for modeling the mortality of elderly annuitants, with new insights into what factors keep people progressing purposefully into advanced age, beyond avoiding disease.