Description: This paper discusses three methods for the amortization of deferred acquisition expenses, DAC and the results when actual experience differs significantly from that assumed. The methods include a static approach with prescheduled amortization, a dynamic technique called the expense reserve factor method, and an aggregate or accumulated premium revenue method. A discussion follows the paper. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: The principal objective of this paper is to remind actuaries of the rather significant misconceptions and distortions commonly encountered in the use of individual accident and health insurance loss ratios. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1979, Vol. 31.