Description: Gross premium calculation methods may be arbitrarily separated into: a- Type 1 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the denominator and b- Type 2 methods those which initially have commissions and other per cent of premium expenses in the numerator. The traditional Type 1 methods directly calculate the gross premium. The purpose of this paper is: 1. to present a Type 1 method of gross premium calculation which does the following: a Incorporates the cost of reinsurance into the gross premium calculation and may be shown as a level annual cost over the gross premium calculation period. b Calculates the effect on profit margins of a change in the retention limit without redoing the original calculation. c Calculates the premiums needed to break even e.g., amortize the initial investment in surplus at the end of each policy year as a by-product. d Calculates the profit or loss generated in each policy year or over any number of policy years for any gross premium without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. e Directly solves for the gross premium that will produce any specified profit over any number of policy years without redoing the original calculation or first using a trial gross premium. f Directly solves for the premium that will produce a specified yield on surplus invested in new business by a flexible technique not first involving the use of the renewal net premium or any other preliminary gross premium. 2. to provide a mathematical definition of a financially meaningful average policy size which recognizes the cost of reinsurance. 3. to provide for mathematical definitions of common measures of profit, and the mathematical relationships between them. 4. To establish formulas expressing the effect of changes in various assumptions used in the gross premium calculation as a lev

Description: This paper introduces continuing care retirement communities and outlines the major recent developments in financing procedures and regulatory requirements aimed at keeping these entities solvent. In particular, it describes the Actuarially Based Financial Management System created by the AAA and the accounting Statement of Position 90-8 promulgated by the AICPA. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1995 Vol. 47

Description: This panel discussion session focuses on the national commission on social security reform. Topics included: 1. Current financial status of the OASDI and HI programs short range and long range? 2. Options for solving the financing problems. 3. Goals of the NCSSR in solving these problems and recommendations determined to date. 4. General public understanding of the issues?

Description: This paper contains a collection of book reviews published in Transactions of the Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: This paper offers a mathematical discussion of integrating private pension plans with social security and looks at IRS rules, earnings replacement by social security, integrating defined benefit and defined contribution plans, early retirement, target plans, discrimination test and other issues. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1976, Vol. 28.

Description: Presentation of proposals that are designed to further improve actuarial education by anticipating educational needs based on future change in the nature of actuarial work. The paper is divided into three sections: I. Current and Past Education of Actuaries II. Actuaries as Customers for Education and III. The Future Educational Needs of Actuaries and How These Needs Might Be Implemented. Followed by several submitted discussion papers.

Description: This Is a book review of 'Lebensversicherungsmathematik' by Hans U. Gerber. The book, written in German, is directed to younger readers who take pleasure in applied mathematics and who wish an introduction to life insurance mathematics. A well-organized and elegant introduction awaits their reading.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, Actuarial Note: The Valuation of Self-Insured Retirement Plans by Joseph C. Noback. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1950, Vol. 2, No. 4.

Description: This paper focuses on the equity unit annuity popularly termed the variable annuity. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: An extension of a paper published in the 1952 Transactions by the same author, describing and classifying various funding methods for defined benefit pension plans. Followed by discussion papers submitted by several authors.