Description: Discussion of the appropriate use of geometric versus arithmetic average returns to use in a stochastic interest rate generator to be equivalent to a deterministic single interest rate scenario.

Description: From a session at the 2000 Valuation Actuary Symposium held in Washington DC, September 14-15, 2000 Technical discussion of asset modeling concepts and techniques

Description: This presentation is a Teaching Session, number 3, from the 1987 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The first instructor discusses three methods of valuation [and methods of studying C-3 risk]: Gross Premium Valuation [the actuary’s traditional approach], Cash Flow Analysis, and Market Value Analysis, also known as ‘Modern Financial Analysis,’ with a focus on the third. Then the second instructor provides an update on C-2 risk [claims, expenses], and combinations of risk, noting that C-2 risk has not had much attention paid to it. He goes on to describe three types of C-2 risk: stochastic deviations, unpredictable single events, and ‘judgment errors, such as poor underwriting. The third instructor focuses on the C-1 [default] risk. Case studies are included.

Description: This paper identifies several implicit assumptions underlying the use of the lognormal distribution for modeling the periodic change in the interest rate of a given maturity, tests those assumptions against historical interest rates, and presents additional information from those tests. A discussion of the paper follows. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1991, Vol. 43.