Description: This is an abstract of the paper A Second Order SDE for the Force of Interest. In this paper, the author models the force of interest by a linear second order stochastic differential equation.

Description: This is a Fellowship Credit Research Paper. A portfolio of different insurance policies such as temporary, endowment and whole-life insurance policies is studied in a stochastic mortality and interest environment. The first two moments of the present value of the benefits of the portfolio are derived. The riskiness of the portfolio as measured by the variance of the present value of the benefits can be divided into an insurance risk and an investment risk in two different ways. One way leads to a more natural interpretation of the two risk components. A simple portfolio is used to illustrate the results.

Description: The standard deviation of the present value of benefits of portfolios of identical insurance contracts are examined when both the mortality and the force of interest are stochastic. Several models for the force of interest are presented. The impact of the different stochastic models for the force of interest and of different parameters on the mortality risk and the interest risk is investigated. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1994, VOL. 1.

Description: This paper presents a procedure that can be used to find an efficient frontier for the variability in the contribution rates for pension plans. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House, January 1996, VOL. 1.