Description: This article discusses the cost of vesting under TEFRA's accelerated benefit accrual and vesting rules for top-heavy plans.

Description: This article provides information on the valuation of liabilities, in particular, lump sums, under the Pension protection Act. From the Pension Section News, September 2008, Issue No. 68.

Description: The objective of this paper is twofold. First, a pedagogical approach is taken to derive the pension plan gain and loss formulas by extending the mathematical theory underlying the actuarial funding methods. It is the author's intent to emphasize the similarities between gain and loss formulas developed for individual funding methods and the formulas developed for aggregate funding methods. Indeed, the formulas are fundamentally identical. The second objective is to afford the reader an opportunity to reinforce understanding by providing two comprehensive numerical examples and analyzing actuarial experience by source. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.