Description: The net premium for insurance for expected loss in excess of a retention limit may be small, but the resulting variance of excess losses produces a standard deviation several times that of the premium. The purpose of this paper is to give a derivation and evaluation of the standard deviation of the excess losses.

Description: In this paper population mortality rates are used to explore the question of whether a biologically determined maximum age actually exists for the human species. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.