Description: This paper was written to demonstrate that universal life and indeterminate premium products are similar to participating plans. Followed by several discussion papers submitted.

Description: 1987 Valuation Actuary Symposium. This session presented views regarding Professional Development of regulators from the states of California, Texas and New York as well as comments from the government actuary in the United Kingdom.

Description: 1993 SOA Annual Meeting, New York. This session is about product design and pricing of products with bonus features. Topics included: 1. The need for maximum long-term benefits. 2. Designs that maximize long-term benefits. 3. Reasons we should focus on benefits and not cash values. 4. Principles of equity behind bonus features. 5. A practical method to define equity. 6. A summary of current regulatory activity. 7. The definition of equity. 8. The need for cash values. 9. Reasons for considering maximum limits on non-guaranteed elements. 10. Disclosure of non-guaranteed elements. 11. Reserving practices.