Description: This paper discusses three methods for the amortization of deferred acquisition expenses, DAC and the results when actual experience differs significantly from that assumed. The methods include a static approach with prescheduled amortization, a dynamic technique called the expense reserve factor method, and an aggregate or accumulated premium revenue method. A discussion follows the paper. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: An updated and expanded translation of the 1863 Theory of Life Insurance Premium Reserves by Dr. August Zillmer, Stettin, Prussia. This is a seminal paper for the life insurance reserve method used extensively in Europe.

Description: This paper was written to demonstrate that universal life and indeterminate premium products are similar to participating plans. Followed by several discussion papers submitted.

Description: This paper discusses the Bayesian graduation method of Kimeldorf and Jones and develops methods for managing four technical problems in their method. It also includes a discussion of the paper. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1977, Vol. 29.

Description: This paper discusses the determination of term insurance reserves in the United States for individual life insurance policies. A valuation method that appears to produce better results than the net level premium reserve or the CRVM is the changing premium valuation method CPVM. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.