Description: This is a study on the Nesbitt formula and the variants to this formula.

Description: It has been twenty years since DeWit 1982 first applied fuzzy logic FL to insurance. That article sought to quantify the fuzziness in underwriting. Since then, the universe of discourse has expanded considerably and now the FL methodologies include used fuzzy set theory, fuzzy numbers and fuzzy arithmetic, fuzzy inference systems, fuzzy clustering algorithms, fuzzy linear programming, fuzzy regression, and hybrids involving other soft computing technologies. This article presents an overview of these studies.

Description: This is a proof on Lidstone's theorem. It contains formulas for calculating policy dividends.

Description: This is a letter from Jan M. Hoem to Arnold F. Shapiro about Exposed-to-risk considerations based on the Balducci assumption and other assumptions in the analysis of mortality.

Description: background history of the insurance industry and the role of actuaries within it, followed by the current environment and anticipated future environment.

Description: This is a letter from F.G. Reynolds, University of Waterloo, to Mr. C. Smith, Cologne Life Reinsurance Co. As an assignment the author had the students in his Risk Theory class extend the method of Trobliger to three levels of risk. Both the data of Trobliger and the data of Thyrion, which can be found on pages 27 and 16 of Seal's Stochastic Theory of a Risk Business, were fitted.

Description: Non-consequentiality is quite consequential for the claims made for the applicability of Risk Theory RT to decision problems that are not transparently tactical or wholly instrumental. On the negative side, RT is not normative or even a complete heuristic in such contexts. The author takes strong exception to the common tendencies, A to link risk theory with welfarism and versions of utilitarianism, and B to claim that with or without but especially with such linkage RT is normative in both moral and rational analysis, choice and action.