Description: Presented at May 1996 Spring Meeting. This session analyzes the factors that influence the mortality differences between countries and between population and insured-lives mortality.

Description: Presented at Living to 100 and Beyond symposium 2002. Discussion of two papers, 'Approaches and Experiences in Projecting Mortality Patterns for the Oldest Old' by Buettner and 'Using Dynamic Reliability in Estimating Mortality at Advanced Ages' by Lin. The first paper discusses the UN methodology for projecting mortality above age 80 and presents another approach for addressing the problem of table closing. The second paper suggests a new statistical model for fitting and estimation of mortality rates at advanced ages.

Description: This article highlights Living to 100 sessions on current aging policy issues in the UK, the US and Canada as well as what can be done by individuals.

Description: This paper is the final report in a project commissioned by the Society of Actuaries Social Security Committee. The paper considers a variety of possible risk classification factors that could be used in estimating the value of any mortality based benefit for retirees. As many countries consider mandatory individual retirement accounts as their answer to a secure Social Security system, the question arises as to whether all workers can get true 'market value' annuities when they retire. It is clear today that private sector life annuities are priced assuming that the applicant is healthy-very healthy. Very little underwriting or risk classification now exists in the individual annuity marketplace. This paper reviews 45 recent research papers that look at factors that affect mortality after retirement. In particular, factors that seem to be important in predicting retirement mortality include: age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, occupation, marital status, religion, health behaviors, smoking, alcohol, and obesity. For each factor, this paper gives highlights relative to the named factor of the impact expected from that variable as described in the 45 reviewed research papers.

Description: Excellent big picture view for planning a social insurance system with pay-as-you-go, required self-funded, and voluntary plans.

Description: The author of this article served as an author, panelist, moderator, and as the keynoter for the January 2011 first Living to 100 symposium. This article looks at issues by stakeholder discussed at the symposium, points to some of the papers presented, and leaves the reader with ideas about some of the big questions about longevity that are facing society.

Description: Discussion of papers presented at Living to 100 and Beyond symposium. Papers discussed: 'Dealing with Problems in Data Quality for the Measurement of Mortality at Advanced Ages' in Canada by Bourbeau and Desjardins, 'Mortality at Advanced Ages in Spain' by Felipe and Anguera, and 'Emergence of Supercentenarians in Low Mortality Countries' by Robine and Vaupei. These papers all deal with centenarians.

Description: This graph indicates the overall historical trend in life expectancy by gender at birth.

Description: Shows the average historical and estimated annual mortality improvement by age grouping for the three countries, both in terms of long averages and the ultimate level assumed.

Description: Presented at Living to 100 Symposium, January 2002. This paper is a first attempt to assess which group of mortality trajectories proposed by various researchers is confirmed by empirical data between the age of 110 and 115 years when the exponential trajectories on the one hand and the logistic or quadratic trajectories on the other hand have diverged sufficiently.