Description: This article summarizes the key changes to VM-31 requirements in the 2020 version of the Valuation Manual for both life and variable annuities, and compares and contrasts the requirements for each. In addition, the article offers insights into common issues and recommendations for VM-31 reports from the viewpoints of a regulator, consultant, and company actuary.

Description: Presented at May 1985 Spring Meeting. This session discussed: Single premium deferred annuity, Flexible premium annuity, Universal life, Vanishing premium life, Indexed products, Variable products, Reinsurance.

Description: This 1980 session covers amendments to the SNL and SVL and the anticipated revision to the CSO Mortality Table. Questions discussed: 1. What changes can be expected in requirements in the1980's? 2. What changes in products design will likely emerge from these? 3. What will be the effect on future gross premium, cash value, and reserve levels? 4. Will these changes be compatible with all economic forecast scenarios? 5. Will these changes create a need for increased gross premium rates or for higher company surplus levels? 6. Should attention to solvency measures be increased? 7. Are the allowable valuation interest rates sufficiently liberal?