Description: This article summarizes the key changes to VM-31 requirements in the 2020 version of the Valuation Manual for both life and variable annuities, and compares and contrasts the requirements for each. In addition, the article offers insights into common issues and recommendations for VM-31 reports from the viewpoints of a regulator, consultant, and company actuary.

Description: This panel discussion is about the viability of single premium annuities and single premium life insurance. Items discusses include product design, pricing and regulatory issues with the back drop of high inflation of the times.