Description: This literature guide provides a basic grounding in policyholder dividends and other nonguaranteed elements in individual life insurance and annuities in Canada and the U.S. Participating insurance is most often offered by mutuals in the U.S. and by both mutual and stock companies in Canada.

Description: This informal discussion reviewed the amendments to Section 213, looked at actuaries supplying aid to agency departments within their respective companies, and examined recent changes in methods of compensation for agents. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1953, Vol. 5, No. 12.