Description: In this panel discussion from a 1963 SOA meeting, operations under the Keogh Act were explored. The act provides a method under which funds deposited in qualified retirement plans can grow and appreciate income-tax free and under which taxable income can be deferred. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1963, Vol. 15 Pt. 2.

Description: This paper presents and examines the following cases: United States v. Manufacturers National Bank, Flemming v. Nestor, Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Minser, Schrader v. Prudential Insurance Company, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company v. Metropolitan Insurance Company, Friedman v. Markman and Pan American Life Insurance Company v. Andrews. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1960, Vol. 12, No. 34.

Description: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of capital and key related terms, as well as to compare and contrast four key regulatory capital regimes. Not only is each regime’s methodology explained with key terms defined and formulas provided, but illustrative applications of each approach are provided via an example with a baseline scenario. Comparison among these capital regimes is also provided using this same model with two alternative scenarios.

Description: In the United States, the insurance industry is regulated by the individual states. To assist in uniformity, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) meets three times a year to review and propose model laws and assess emerging issues. This report examines the process from start to finish.

Description: This research examines the intersection of US insurance ratemaking and analytics techniques in advanced modern rating systems and associated regulatory considerations in the US.

Description: India is in the process of updating to a more risk-based capital framework. The article provides a high level introduction of the development and discusses some of the key design and implementation considerations.

Description: In the U.S., the insurance industry is regulated by the individual states. Learn more about the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), which reviews and proposes model laws and assesses emerging issues.

Description: This research examines the intersection of US insurance ratemaking and analytics techniques in advanced modern rating systems and associated regulatory considerations in the US.

Description: These reports cover two Canadian topics. First is a summary of the Carter Commission Report that proposes a radically different tax system. Second is a report on the status of government involvement in health care.

Description: This report is a comprehensive survey of existing literature on mortality and race and ethnicity in the United States, examining disparities in mortality rates among different racial and ethnic groups. It explores factors influencing mortality differentials, including socioeconomic status, health care access, and other relevant aspects.