Description: In this paper, the author identifies two problems that are perceptible with most versions of the investment-year method of allocating investment income. The author then focuses on conceptual approaches to solving these two problems. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1983 Volume 35.

Description: In this paper the author develops techniques for measuring GAAP return on total capital by line of business, where total capital includes “benchmark surplus,” the amount of statutory surplus set aside, in addition to reserves, to support in-force business. The author also shows how GAAP returns relate to the internal rate of return the actuary may have calculated to describe expected profitability on a statutory basis. Includes discussion and author’s review of discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1982 Volume 34.