Description: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an excellent model for assessing the setup of medical coverage in the U.S. health care system. It is a chronic disease that has genetic, behavioral and other medical causes, and causes many complications over the long term. From Financing Chronic Care Monograph, M-HB05-1.

Description: Essay discussing that the two factors that affect healthcare cost are costs and the fact that people lack coverage.

Description: The essay discusses the appropriate role of insurance companies, efficient and economical ways to care for chronic illnesses and having a maximum price society will pay to support the ongoing life of any one individual.

Description: Because of increasing longevity in the world's population, a larger proportion of people will live long enough to develop chronic diseases. Because of their large numbers and extent of their individual expenses, the public sector will need to intervene to help these patients and their families. From Financing Chronic Care Monograph, M-HB05-1.

Description: Essay stating accessibility, affordability and efficiency are the key to success in the future of healthcare.

Description: Actuaries should understand the economic considerations involved in the formulary drug decision-making process, and the presence of actuarial input in the process could improve it, especially by tying it to overall decision making for the health plan. From Prescription Drugs Monograph, M-HB04-1.

Description: Essay discussing cost, quality and access of healthcare and then describes the need for rationing.

Description: A summary of Medicare reform and its effect on prescription drug coverage.