Description: The insurance reserve for an individual contract can be pictured as a quantity which changes continuously from moment to moment in response to the forces of interest and mortality. A different mathematical model arises for each method of defining the death benefit, and in this paper a number of such mathematical models are analyzed. Followed by discussion papers submitted by several authors

Description: This paper develops explicit relationships connecting these reserve bases, and, in the course of this development, derives several new and interesting actuarial relationships, all of which can be generalized to the case of monthly premium payment computations. Followed by a discussion paper submitted

Description: Survey of appointed actuaries about asset adequacy testing techniques currently being used in 2012.