Description: The purpose of this paper is to trace the change in Canadian company expenses, comparing the six postwar years 1946 to 1951 with the prewar year 1939. Includes costs per policy and as percentage of premium, and also compares to expected costs. Expenses by company size are also shown.

Description: This paper presents multiple book reviews: Reports from Staff of U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means and U.S. Senate Committee on Finance, Reports in Connection with Social Security Legislation 1975-77, 'Statement on Cost Comparisons of Individual Life Insurance Policies', by Canadian Institute of Actuaries, 'Investment Activities of Life Insurance Companies' from Huebner Foundation Lectures, 'The Life Insurance Industry's Marketing Dilemma' by Johns, 'The Future of Social Security' by Munnell, 'Social Security - Today and Tomorrow' by Ball, 'Mortality Table Construction' by Batten, 'Mortality Table Construction' by Batten, 'The Crisis in Social Security - Problems and Prospects' by Boskin, 'A History of Interest Rates' by Homer, 'Indexation of Pensions and Other Benefits' by Robert Myers, 'Life Insurance Accounting' by Strain, '1978 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund...' by US Congress. Brief summaries of additional readings are also included.

Description: This paper addresses controversies related to Zillmer Reserves first proposed in the 1860's and discusses how actuaries can learn form these dilemmas and find a review of the controversy useful in more current practice. The paper was presented at the 25th Actuarial Research Conference held at the University of Western Ontario in 1990. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, VOL. 1.

Description: This paper discusses some powerful uses of recursive functions, including: 1. Universal life, both for the calculation of target premiums and reserves. 2. Paid-up Rider. Recursive functions can directly determine a premium that precisely matures the rider. 3. Traditional Whole Life. Reserves can be efficiently calculated when needed instead of referring to a table of stored factors. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: Covers: 1. The current status of permissive legislation, monetary values, and new policies 2. Considerations in changing from CRVM to net level premium reserves 3. What are companies considering with regards to changes in cash value patterns 4. Consideration being given to changes in the mortality basis for substandard premiums as a result of recent experience and how is this affected by the adoption of the new CSO tables.

Description: This discussion seeks to determine if: 1. Is there justification for paying higher rates of commissions to experienced agents? 2. Is grading of commission rates by size of policy appropriate for Ordinary insurance? 3. In what ways have normal commission scales been modified in connection with the sale of permanent insurance on the minimum deposit plan? 4. What practical methods are available to maintain consistency between the levels of commission payments for pension plans funded by means of individual policies and group annuities?

Description: Evaluation of the excess mortality element of the Group Conversion charge. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: This discussion looks at the valuation methods of small companies. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 6.

Description: This paper looks at and defines the Term Conversion Option. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1949, Vol. 1, No. 1.

Description: This section presents and summarizes insurance-related legal cases of 1953 including: 1. GROUP ANNUITY CONTRACTPERPETUAL OBLIGATION: Freeport Sulphur Company v. Aetna Life Insurance Company, 2. SERVICE OF PROCESSUNAUTHORIZED INSURER: Parmalee v. Iowa State Traveling Men's Association, 3. ORAL PLEDGE OR ASSIGNMENTCREDITOR'S RIGHT: Commercial National Bank v. Chapman, 4. DOUBLE INDEMNITYMILITARY EXCLUSION: Weissman v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 5. LIQUIDATION OF MUTUAL COMPANYJURISDICTION OF INSURANCE COMMISSlONER: Allyn v. Hull, 6. AVIATION EXCLUSIONPARACHUTE JUMP: Smith v. Mutual Benefit Health and Accident Association, 7. SETTLEMENT OPTIONTESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION: Hall v. Mutual Life Insurance Company, 8. PURCHASE OF HOME OFFICE PROPERTYINSURANCE SUPERINTENDENT'S APPROVAL: Guardian Life Insurance Company vs. Bohlinger, 9. LOAN VALUE: DISABILITY AND DOUBLE INDEMNITY RESERVES: Chastang v. Mutual Life Insurance Company, 10. CONVERSION OF GROUP INSURANCESUICIDE: Lineberry v. Security Life and Trust Company, 11. DOUBLE INDEMNITYMILITARY EXCLUSION: Western Reserve Life Insurance Company vs. Meadows