Description: This paper, originally published in 1969 in Transactions of Society of Actuaries Vol. 21, presents an analysis of the basic actuarial theory for life insurance policies with fixed premiums and variable benefits reflecting the investment performance of a separate account, where in its basic form, the policyholder bears the entire investment risk. The paper discusses various regulatory and other changes that would be needed or desirable, as well as variation in design such as minimum guarantees. Significant discussion is included, with over twenty individuals contributing in addition to the authors. The introduction to the Monograph notes that while not the first paper on this topic, it “clearly established the framework for subsequent developments of variable products.”

Description: The term manipulation means designing policies in such a way that they have attractive net cost indexes but are, nevertheless, a very poor buy for the consumer. This panel discusses what is meant by manipulation problem, how serious it is how the NAIC Advisory Committee proposes to deal with it and what responsibilities actuaries have in connection with this problem. From Record of the Society of Actuaries 1981, Volume 7, No. 4.