Description: This literature guide provides a basic grounding in policyholder dividends and other nonguaranteed elements in individual life insurance and annuities in Canada and the U.S. Participating insurance is most often offered by mutuals in the U.S. and by both mutual and stock companies in Canada.

Description: Update on the potential impact of national health law legislation, and discussion of the influence of inflation on both the relation between actual and expected claims, and the design of new benefits and administrative procedures. This presentation was made at the 1975 SOA Los Angeles Spring Meeting.