Description: This paper outlines and illustrates the use of present value for the purpose of estimating future profits and in obtaining dividend scales. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 6.

Description: This paper presents ratemaking for nonparticipating life insurance including the relationship between gross premiums and profit margins, suitable assumptions, a technique for evaluating in force business and demonstrating results using the methods. The paper is followed by a discussion. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1959, Vol. 11, No. 30 AB.