Description: This editorial reviews the benefits of managed care, notes the public pressure to relax controls around this system and the expected cost impact of doing so.

Description: Attempts to explain the need for premium increases on level-premium, guaranteed-renewable health-insurance policies. It presents a perspective on loss ratios for such policies that may be helpful to an insurer in reflecting a regulator's or consumer's viewpoint.

Description: September’s Actuary contained an excellent summary by Drew Davidoff of renewal rating for small group medical business. Among the techniques he describes are age, sex, and area rating, experience rating using credibility, experience rating using tiers, examination of the diagnoses in the claim file, and initial and reentry medical underwriting.

Description: In this article, the author, reflecting upon his own experiences, discusses why meaningful individual health insurance, unlike other lines of individual coverage, is generally not offered by insurers to individuals with long-term needs.

Description: Discusses variability in per capita health-care costs by health-care provider.

Description: On Dec. 29, 1973 President Nixon signed into law the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, which authorizes $375 million to be used by the DHEW to stimulate the establishment and development of HMO's over the next five years. This article describes the status of the regulations and the development of additional HMO's.

Description: This article presents a view of health care as an economic system, suggests a framework for classifying current criticisms of the system, and offers references for further reading.

Description: This is the second article in a four–part series. In this article, the industry's products are examined.

Description: Book Review: The Health Insurance Answer Book as a practical resource on health insurance issues.

Description: This article analyzed the characteristics of the uninsured. Income had the highest correlation. From: The Actuary, April 2000 – volume 34 - Issue 4.