Description: Obituary dedicated to the life and times of Neil A. Parmenter.

Description: The purpose of this research is to a) identify regulatory structures and influences in North America, b) provide examples that illustrate regulatory risk, and c) suggest mitigation ideas for both insurers and their regulators. The audiences for this paper are a) actuaries who must price policies, value policies, or manage capital, b) other insurance professionals who deal with operational risk, strategic risk, and capital planning, and c) regulators who protect the interests of policyholders and address the solvency of insurers.