Description: An introduction to the Product Development Section's new subgroup supporting interested in the practice of in force management.

Description: This article provides a retrospective on investment risk management while highlighting actuarial tools used by portfolio risk managers.

Description: The models that seek to determine fair value for stocks use corporate earnings and a capitalization rate such as a price/earning ratio to arrive at fair value. Nearly all such models use interest rates to set the capitalization rate. Current interest rates are assumed to be fair, as if there were no emotions in the bond market. Interest rates themselves are never viewed as too high or too low. For the past 10 years [1984-1993] stocks have been viewed as too high, in relation to interest rates. In reality, interest rates have been too high.

Description: The article discusses the characteristics of the high-yielding bank loan asset class.

Description: This article discusses the possibility of high inflation down the road. The high levels of debt incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic will be difficult for many countries to support. Central bank activity is "standing in the gap" but this is not necessarily the optimal solution. Inflation can also become an issue due to contagion coming from less financially stable countries, resulting a crisis of confidence, driving up interest rates.