Description: FASB's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 97 contains wide-sweeping changes to the preparation of GAAP financials for insurance companies. The focus of this article will be on the ramifications of the interest rate FASB has decided to use to amortize deferred acquisition costs.

Description: The purpose of this paper is not to present a revolutionary new concept, instead, it is to reexamine a familiar concept in the light of new market circumstances and, to consider the consequences to the life insurance industry if the concept were adopted.

Description: This paper discusses some powerful uses of recursive functions, including: 1. Universal life, both for the calculation of target premiums and reserves. 2. Paid-up Rider. Recursive functions can directly determine a premium that precisely matures the rider. 3. Traditional Whole Life. Reserves can be efficiently calculated when needed instead of referring to a table of stored factors. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.

Description: Jumping Through the Hoops of XXX to Minimize Reserves on UL Secondary Guarantees by Jason A. Jump from Product Development News, August 2000, Issue No. 50.

Description: Report summarizing the results of the 2009 Policyholder Behavior in the Tail working group with respect to UL policies with Secondary Guarantees Survey.

Description: This study examines individual universal life persistency. This report shows annualized results based on data from calendar years 1988, 1990, and 1992. The purpose of this study is to examine universal life lapsation and persistency by selected policy, agent, insured, and product characteristics.

Description: In this article, we explore key insights from Oliver Wyman's 2020 Life PBR Emerging Practices Survey, which provides a broad industry perspective with more than 50 companies participating representing 95 percent of the individual life market (by written premium). Insights include the impact of PBR on reserves and profitability in addition to emerging practices related to product design, assumption development, and methodology decisions.

Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The speakers in this session addressed the relative volatility of participating whole life versus universal life and the annual-premium versus single- premium basis.

Description: The Actuary Vol. 22 , No. 7. This articles explores the dangers posed by many guaranteed-return life insurance and annuity products.

Description: in the insurance industry, machine learning models are increasingly used to make decisions that affect people's lives. In order to ensure that models are fair, they should be audited for bias. There are no hard and fast rules for bias audit; metrics that can be used to evaluate fairness vary depending on the context in which the model is deployed. The presenters in this session present a flexible framework that highlights key considerations in bias evaluation that can be adjusted to suit your process.