Description: This paper introduces the author's globalization model of work and retirement in the 21st century. To make the model work, there is a need for a prototype social security system with many desirable features called National Provident Fund for each nation.

Description: In the face of profound, worldwide changes in demographic, family, and lifestyle patterns, this paper introduces a dynamic social security system deemed most suitable for accommodating these changes.

Description: This paper examines how income sources change when married women in Britain, the U.S., and Germany are widowed, and it draws inferences about the income consequences of specific retirement and survivorship provisions. .