Description: From a session at the 2000 Valuation Actuary Symposium held in Washington DC, September 14-15, 2000 Prior to 1999, Glass-Steagall legally separated banking, brokerage, and insurance activities. Enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act brings “down the walls,” separating these financial industries. This session talks about the financial services modernization law and the impact it will have.

Description: This article discusses the possibility of high inflation down the road. The high levels of debt incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic will be difficult for many countries to support. Central bank activity is "standing in the gap" but this is not necessarily the optimal solution. Inflation can also become an issue due to contagion coming from less financially stable countries, resulting a crisis of confidence, driving up interest rates.