Description: 2003 Valuation Actuary Symposium, San Diego, CA. Panelists in this session discussed embedded-value and fair-value practices, similarities and differences between EV and fair value, and whether embedded value and fair value are evolving into a single, principles-based measure of value.

Description: 1999 SOA Annual Meeting, San Francisco. This panel examined the determination and use of the cost of capital for both stock and mutual companies. Topics covered included: 1. How to measure the cost of capital. 2. Use of cost of capital in choosing among options or setting an enterprise's direction. 3. Should different costs of capital be used for different purposes? 4. Options for financing and the effect on cost. 5. Maximizing return by proper mix of options. 6. Example of an acquisition. 7. Appropriate amount of capital. 8. International perspective.